Upper Eyelid Anatomy

A plastic surgery guide to upper eyelid anatomy with images and comprehensive annotations.

Anatomy

Oncological Adjuvant Trials in Melanoma

Major adjuvant oncological trials in melanoma show a significant survival benefit in patients with completely resected stage III disease, as discussed here.

Skin and Soft Tissue

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory condition of hair follicles. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, biologics and surgery.

Skin and Soft Tissue

Temporal/Frontal Branch of Facial Nerve

Facial nerve's frontal or temporal branch has significant anatomical varation. This details its origin, course, innveration, clinical findings when injured.

Anatomy

van der Woude Syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterised by lower lip pits and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clinical presentation is variable because of the autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Management is a multidisciplinary approach.

Paediatrics

Otoplasty – Overview of Techniques

Surgical techqniues for Otoplasty are well-described. They are best understood by classifying them into manouvres aimed at correcting prominent ears.

Paediatrics

Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block

Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block uses the space between internal oblique & transversus abdominis muscle. Technique can be direct or ultrasound-guided.

Principles

Hypertrophic vs. Keloid Scar

Abnormal scars can be defined as Hypertrophic or Keloid. They do not follow normal scar evolution and difference from clinical, morphological and treatment perspective.

Skin and Soft Tissue

Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Lower Limb Trauma – Overview

Soft Tissue Reconstruction in lower limb trauma is a complex area to understand theoretical principles and practical nuances. This article provides a decision algorithm as a guide.

Upper Limbs

Breast Implant – ALCL

Breast Implant associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (Bi-ALCL) is linked to textured implants. It should be suspected in patients with late-onset seroma. It can be confirmed cytologically and histologically.

CosmeticBreast

Hartrampf’s Zones of Perfusion

Hartrampf's Zones of Perfusion refers to the subdivision of the lower abdominal flap into 4 equal zones based on their level of perfusion and viability. This article examines the history, clinical significant and current concepts.

Microsurgery

Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Staging

Squamous Cell Carcinoma has 3 main staging systems: AJCC, BWH and NCNN. There is no universally accepted method.

Skin and Soft Tissue

Rhomboid Flap

The rhomboid flap is a type of transposition local flap commonly. This article on rhomboid flaps explains the classification, design repair and modifications with location-based examples and pictures.

Principles

Gustilo Anderson Open Fracture Classification

Gustilo-Anderson is the most common grading system for open/compound fractures. It risk stratifies the patient and guides management.

Lower Limb

Bennett Fracture

A Bennett Fracture is an oblique, intra-articular fracture at the volar-ulnar base of the thumb metacarpal. This article details the anatomy, diagnosis and treatment of Bennett's Fracture.

Upper Limbs

Rotation Flap

Rotation flap is a semicircular flap of adjacent tissue that rotates about a pivot point to close defect. A guide to design with drawings

Principles

Total Body Surface Area in Burns

The total body surface area (TBSA) of a burn can be calculated with a Lund and Browder Chart, Wallace Rule-of-Nines or the palmar method. An accurate estimation of a burn guides acute management, fluid resuscitation, nutrition supplementation and prognosis.

Burns

Volar Incisions – Bruner, Mid-lateral & others

There are different techniques described for volar hand surgery. This article describes, illustrates, and compares Bruner, Mild-lateral, and other incisions.

Upper Limbs

Compartment Syndrome of the Hand

Compartment syndrome of the hand is an uncommon but acute surgical issue. With reference to 41 peer-reviewed publications, this article discusses the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome.

Upper Limbs

Upper Eyelid Ptosis (Blepharoptosis)

The ultimate guide to causes, anatomy, examination and treatment of upper eyelid ptosis with labelled drawings and tables.

Cosmetic

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Radial Tunnel Syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve. This reviews anatomy, diagnosis and treatment.

Upper Limbs

"RHINO" Nasal Analysis for Rhinoplasty

The pre-operative Rhinoplasty examination can often be challenging. The "RHINO" structure, which was created by P'Fella, can act as a template and guide for the patient consultation.

Cosmetic