Breast

Fat Grafting: Basic Science, Techniques, & Patient Management

Fat grafting transfers autologous adipose tissue for volume restoration, contour correction, and tissue repair. The process involves harvesting, processing, and reinjection. Key complications include fat resorption, necrosis, and embolism.

CosmeticBreastPrinciples

Breast Ptosis: Classification, Assessment, & Surgical Management

Breast Ptosis is the descent of the nipple below the inframammary fold, caused by aging, pregnancy, weight changes, and genetics. Classified into Grades 1–3 (Regnault system), it’s managed with mastopexy, augmentation, or reduction, with risks like hematoma, infection, and scarring.

BreastCosmetic

BIA-ALCL: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, & Management

BIA-ALCL (Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma) features include delayed seroma and swelling, with diagnosis relying on imaging and CD30 immunohistochemistry. En-bloc resection is critical, with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for advanced cases.

BreastCosmetic

Overview of Oncological Breast Reconstruction: Methods, Assessment, & Management

Oncological breast reconstruction aids recovery post-mastectomy or lumpectomy, using autologous tissue, implants, or both. Decision-making involves preoperative assessment, radiation plans, and patient preferences.

Breast

DIEP Flap Reconstruction: Anatomy, Key Surgical Steps, & Complications

The DIEP flap is a gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction, offering superior vascularity and minimal donor-site morbidity.

BreastMicrosurgery

Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) Reconstruction: Anatomy, Indications, & Techniques

Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) reconstruction aims for symmetry, projection, pigmentation, durability, and minimal complications while addressing functional sensation and patient needs. Techniques include tattooing, flaps, and grafts, with careful pre-op marking and post-op care.

Breast

Capsular Contracture: Aetiology, Classification, & Management

Capsular contracture is the thickening and hardening of the capsule around breast implants, leading to pain and deformity. Classified by Baker's system (I-IV), treatment ranges from conservative management to surgical interventions such as capsulectomy.

BreastCosmetic

Overview of Breast Augmentation: Implants, Surgery, & Complications

Breast augmentation uses implants to enhance size and shape, with techniques tailored to patient needs and potential complications like BIA-ALCL.

BreastCosmetic

Gynaecomastia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, & Treatment

Gynecomastia is male breast enlargement due to glandular growth and fat, caused by hormonal imbalances. It often presents as painless and bilateral. Diagnosis involves history, tests, and imaging. Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes and medication to surgery for persistent cases.

BreastCosmetic

Breast Anatomy: Landmarks, Arteries, Nerves, & Illustrations

The breast is a composition of alveoli, lobules and lobes. It receives blood and sensory supply from a diverse number of arteries and nerves.

AnatomyBreast

Tuberous Breast Deformity: Features, Classification, and Surgery

This article explores tuberous breast correction, detailing aesthetic improvement strategies and symmetry via specific surgical techniques, guided by Von Heimburg's classification for precise and optimal outcomes.

Breast

Liposuction: Assessment, Technique, & Complications

Liposuction is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures. This reviews the science of liposuction and its indications, techniques, and outcomes.

CosmeticBreast