Facial nerve palsy affects ages 15–45, with the most common cause Bell’s palsy. Diagnosis includes history, exam, grading (House-Brackmann), EMG, and imaging. Treatment: Static (symmetry) or dynamic (nerve grafts, transfers, muscle flaps). Key complications are keratitis, synkinesis, & asymmetry.
Also: Podcast guest suggestions, the Sunday quiz, & recommended reads of the week.
Upper eyelid reconstruction restores function and aesthetics after trauma, tumors, or congenital defects. Small defects heal with direct closure; larger ones need flaps or grafts. Key concerns: corneal protection, tension-free closure, and symmetry.
Laser treatments provide minimally invasive procedures in resurfacing, scar revision, & lesion removal. Mechanisms involve collimated, monochromatic, & coherent light-targeting chromophores.
Also: The Sunday quiz, pulley release evidence, & 3 recommended articles.
Breast Ptosis is the descent of the nipple below the inframammary fold, caused by aging, pregnancy, weight changes, and genetics. Classified into Grades 1–3 (Regnault system), it’s managed with mastopexy, augmentation, or reduction, with risks like hematoma, infection, and scarring.
Also: A new round of the Sunday quiz, mesh measurements tip, 3 recommended flap reads.
Also: Sunday quiz winners, meet the fellows, & 3 recommended reads.
Also: Last round of the Sunday quiz, evidence on vasopressors, & 3 recommended reads.
Also: The Sunday quiz, Key Notes review, & 3 featured articles.
BIA-ALCL (Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma) features include delayed seroma and swelling, with diagnosis relying on imaging and CD30 immunohistochemistry. En-bloc resection is critical, with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for advanced cases.
Also: Seymour fracture anatomy, flexor teno tips, & evidence on ring avulsions.
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Cleft lip results from incomplete fusion of embryologic structures, leading to lip and nasal deformities. It is classified by laterality and completeness. Repair occurs at 3–6 months using techniques like Millard’s and Fisher’s subunit repair to restore function, symmetry, & aesthetics.
Also: Abdominal DIEP flap harvesting image, CT angio tips, and radiotherapy evidence in breast recon.
Oncological breast reconstruction aids recovery post-mastectomy or lumpectomy, using autologous tissue, implants, or both. Decision-making involves preoperative assessment, radiation plans, and patient preferences.
Keloids are fibrotic scars extending beyond the original wound, driven by genetic predisposition, inflammation, and abnormal fibroblast activity. Treatment involves non-surgical options like lasers and silicone sheeting, pharmaceuticals like corticosteroids, or surgery with adjuvant therapy.
The DIEP flap is a gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction, offering superior vascularity and minimal donor-site morbidity.
Also: Season 2 of the podcast is coming, a new fellow joins our team, and this week’s Sunday quiz.
Botulinum toxin is a versatile neurotoxin that inhibits acetylcholine release, causing temporary muscle paralysis. FDA-approved for migraines, hyperhidrosis, and bladder issues, it’s also used off-label for facial aesthetics and pain. Proper technique and anatomy knowledge ensure effective outcomes.
Also: The original LD flap publication from 1908, donor site morbidity for muscle flaps, & 3 recommended articles.
Also: Winner of the Sunday quiz, technique tips on Mohs surgery vs standard excision, & giant CMN identification.
Also: The Sunday quiz, breast reduction technique tip, & 3 recommended reads.
Trigger finger, or stenosing tenosynovitis, occurs when the flexor tendon is trapped at the A1 pulley, leading to pain during finger movement. Common risk factors include manual labor, older age, and diabetes. Treatment options range from splinting and corticosteroids to surgical A1 pulley release.
